Estrategias Inclusivas que Despiertan la Participación y la Motivación en el Aula de Aprendizaje
Inclusive Strategies That Foster Student Engagement and Motivation in the Learning Classroom
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29394/Scientific.issn.2542-2987.2026.11.39.2.30-42Palabras clave:
educación inclusiva, motivación estudiantil, estrategias pedagógicas, participación activa, diversidad en el aulaResumen
La inclusión educativa es uno de los desafíos centrales del siglo XXI: las aulas de educación básica y media acogen una diversidad creciente de estudiantes cuyas necesidades, ritmos y contextos exigen respuestas pedagógicas diferenciadas. Sin embargo, la evidencia sobre qué estrategias producen mayor impacto sobre la participación activa y la motivación permanece dispersa en la literatura especializada. El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática fue identificar, sintetizar y evaluar la evidencia empírica disponible sobre estrategias pedagógicas inclusivas eficaces, con énfasis en su impacto sobre el compromiso, la motivación y el rendimiento de estudiantes con diversidad de necesidades educativas. Se empleó un método analítico-sintético de carácter inductivo, con enfoque cualitativo y diseño no experimental documental, siguiendo las directrices PRISMA 2020. La búsqueda sistemática se realizó en Scopus, Web of Science, ERIC, SciELO y Google Scholar, abarcando publicaciones entre 2019 y 2025; se identificaron 1.247 registros, de los cuales 25 estudios cumplieron los criterios de elegibilidad. Los hallazgos evidencian que el aprendizaje cooperativo, el Diseño Universal para el Aprendizaje, la gamificación, la tecnología educativa accesible y la evaluación formativa diferenciada son las estrategias con mayor respaldo empírico. Se concluye que la articulación sistémica de estas estrategias, combinada con actitudes docentes favorables y formación profesional continua, constituye la condición necesaria para transformar las aulas en entornos equitativos y motivadores.
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