Revisión Sistemática sobre Gestión Contractual y de Riesgos con Inteligencia Artificial en Obras Públicas NEC
Systematic Review on Contract and Risk Management with Artificial Intelligence in NEC Public Works
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29394/Scientific.issn.2542-2987.2026.11.e5.3.55-73Palabras clave:
inteligencia artificial, gestión contractual, gestión de riesgos, obras públicas, transparencia institucionalResumen
La creciente adopción de la inteligencia artificial (IA) en la gestión de proyectos públicos plantea interrogantes sobre su impacto en contratos colaborativos como los NEC, ámbito escasamente abordado en la literatura científica. El objetivo de la presente revisión sistemática fue analizar la integración de la IA en la gestión contractual y de riesgos en obras públicas bajo contratos NEC, y sus efectos sobre la transparencia institucional, el crecimiento económico y la innovación. La metodología adoptó un método inductivo, enfoque cualitativo y diseño no experimental documental, siguiendo las directrices PRISMA 2020 mediante búsqueda en Scopus y Web of Science. A partir de 100 registros iniciales, se seleccionaron 50 artículos clasificados en cuartiles Q1 y Q2, publicados entre 2020 y 2025, con criterios estrictos de inclusión y exclusión. Los resultados identificaron cinco categorías temáticas: transparencia e integridad en contratación pública, gestión contractual con IA, gestión de riesgos en construcción, gestión de riesgos en obras públicas, e innovación y crecimiento económico. La gestión de riesgos constituye el campo de mayor madurez tecnológica, donde el aprendizaje automático y el procesamiento de lenguaje natural permiten predecir retrasos, sobrecostos y disputas contractuales con alta precisión. La contratación electrónica refuerza la transparencia institucional al reducir la discrecionalidad. Se concluye que la IA fortalece la transparencia (ODS 16), optimiza la inversión pública (ODS 8) e impulsa la innovación en infraestructura (ODS 9), aunque su adopción plena requiere marcos regulatorios, gobernanza de datos y capital humano especializado.
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