Theoretical Model Grounded in Strategic Planning for Public Administration

Modelo Teórico Fundamentado en la Planificación Estratégica para la Administración Pública

Abstract

This research addresses strategic planning as a transformative tool for improving management in contemporary public administration. Adopting an interpretive paradigm grounded in phenomenological theory, the study critically analyzes the potentialities and limitations of implementing strategic frameworks in the governmental sector. The argumentation develops through a historical-conceptual analysis that traces the evolution of strategic thinking from its military origins to modern organizational application. A solid defense of public strategic planning is presented, supported by authors such as Bryson (1988); Da-Fonseca, Hernández-Nariño, Medina-León and Nogueira-Rivera (2014); and González, Viteri, Izquierdo and Verdezoto (2020); who highlight its capacity to identify opportunities, articulate institutional levels and optimize limited resources. Nevertheless, significant challenges identified by Chávez, Lozano and Cajavilca (2024): are acknowledged, including rigidity facing dynamic political changes and disconnection between planning and evaluation. SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats), according to Nikulin and Becker (2015): illustrates both diagnostic advantages and methodological limitations. The ethical and social dimension emerges as a fundamental differentiating element of the public sector. The conclusions confirm that a theoretical model constructed from the phenomenological perspective of organizational actors can significantly strengthen public management, integrating adaptive flexibility and recognizing the distinctive political nature of governmental endeavors.