Biomechanical Assessment in Endurance Sports: Performance Enhancement and Injury Prevention

Evaluación Biomecánica en Deportes de Resistencia: Mejora del Rendimiento y Prevención de Lesiones

Abstract

In recent years, biomechanical assessment has gained a prominent role in the field of sports, primarily because it contributes both to performance enhancement and to injury prevention. This is particularly relevant in endurance sports, where every movement matters and efficiency can determine the difference between success and premature fatigue. This study aimed to examine how biomechanical assessment effectively contributes to sports performance and injury prevention in endurance athletes. To this end, a systematic review of the available scientific literature was conducted, adopting an inductive method and a qualitative approach without experimental intervention. Several internationally recognized academic databases were reviewed (Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, SciELO, and Redalyc). From an initial pool of 50 articles, 20 were selected based on predefined quality and relevance criteria. The findings are highly informative. Biomechanical assessment effectively enables the detection and correction of inefficient movement patterns, which translates into improved energy economy and reduced physical strain in activities such as running, cycling, and swimming. Discipline-specific adaptations were identified, and it became evident that biomechanical assessment plays a fundamental role in preventing injuries caused by repetitive use. In conclusion, biomechanical assessment is an essential tool for enhancing performance and safeguarding the health of endurance athletes. However, it is most effective when integrated into a comprehensive strategy that considers training planning, recovery periods, and appropriate equipment.