Reflexiones Acerca de la Gestión de Resultados a partir del Modelo de Jones y Adaptaciones Posteriores
Reflections on Earnings Management Based on the Jones Model and Subsequent Adaptations
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29394/Scientific.issn.2542-2987.2025.10.37.20.402-423Palabras clave:
gestión de resultados, ajustes por devengo, contabilidad creativa, auditoría, calidad de la informaciónResumen
La gestión de resultados contables es una preocupación central de la investigación financiera contemporánea. Desde la teoría de la agencia, Jensen y Meckling (1976) explican cómo los conflictos entre accionistas y directivos propician la manipulación de la información financiera; Healy (1985) profundizó en esa lógica al vincular las políticas de devengo discrecional con los esquemas de compensación directiva. El modelo de Jones (1991) respondió con el primer instrumento econométrico sistemático para detectar los ajustes por devengo discrecionales, separándolos de los no discrecionales que responden a la actividad económica real. Sus limitaciones fueron progresivamente corregidas: Dechow et al. (1995) resolvieron el sesgo en cuentas por cobrar; Kothari et al. (2005) incorporaron el retorno sobre activos para neutralizar distorsiones por desempeño; Roychowdhury (2006) extendió el análisis a la manipulación operativa. Sin embargo, todos presuponen parámetros estables en el tiempo, supuesto que rara vez se sostiene en entornos volátiles. A ello se suma, como advierten Wijaya et al. (2025) y Githaiga et al. (2022), la escasez de estudios en mercados latinoamericanos, lo que limita la transferencia de estos modelos a contextos institucionales distintos. La revisión crítica de esta trayectoria es, por tanto, una contribución necesaria para la investigación contable en español.
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